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Legislation relevant to Computer Science
Legislation relevant to Computer Science
The Data Protection Act 2018
The Data Protection Act 2018
On the 25th May 2018 , the Data Protection Act 2018 was introduced, this updated and replaced the Data Protection Act 1998. The Data Protection Act of 2018 is a law that sets out the rules for how personal data must be handled in the United Kingdom. The law is designed to protect the rights of individuals when their personal data is being processed, stored or used by organisations, businesses, and the government.
Data Protection Act of 1998
Personal data must be fairly and lawfully processed
Personal data must be obtained for specified and lawful purposes
Personal data must not be kept for longer than is necessary
Personal data must be processed in line with your rights
Personal data must be held securely
Personal data must not be transfeered to other countries outside the European Economic Area
Data Protection Act 2018
Personal data must be fairly and lawfully processed
Personal data must be obtained for specified, explict and legitimate purposes
Personal data must be adequae, revelant and not excessive.
Personal data must be accurate and up to date
Personal data must not be kept for loner than is necessary
Personal data must be handled in a way that ensures security
The Computer Misuse Act 1990
The Computer Misuse Act 1990
The widespread use of computers has, in turn, led to new types of crime. The Computer Misuse Act 1990 attempts to discourage people from using computers for illegal puroposes. There are three seperate parts of the Act:
It is illegal to access data stored on a computer unless you have permission to do. Unauthorised access if ofen referred to as hacking
It is illegal to access data on a computer when that material will be used to commit further illegal activity, such as fraud or blackmail
It is illegal to make changes to any data stored on a computer when the user does not have permission to do so. If you access and change the contents of someone's files without their permission, you are breaking the law. This includes installing a virus or other malware which damages or changes the way the computer works.
The maximum punishment for breaking this law is a $5,00 fine or several years impirsonment
Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
Protects people's written, dramatic, musical, film, broadcasts property. It makes it an offence to copy or distribute other people's intellectual property without permission
Creative Commons Licensing
Creative Commons Licensing
Creative Commons (CC) licensing makes it easier and legal to share copyrighted work online. CC licenses help copyright owners to keep control over how their work is used and shared. The different licenses are:
Attribution - The work can be copied, modified, distributed, displayed and performed but the copyright owner must be given credit.
Non-commercial - The work can be copied, modified, distributed, displayed and performed but no profit can made from it.
No derivative works - The work can be copied, distributed, displayed and performed but cannot be modified.
Share-alike - The work can be modified and distributed but must be covered by an identical license.
Software Licences
Software Licences
Open Source Software
Open Source Software
Open source software can be defined as software that is distributed with its source code and can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone. Usually it is free to download open source software. A few examples of open source software; Linux, Firefox and python.
Advantages of Open Source software:
User can customise software freely
There is a generally a strong social support forum if you need help with the software
Usually free and good for companies which may have a limited budget
Disadvantages:
To edit the code you need to have expert knowledge
May not be updated regularly meaning that bugs may not be patched
Relies on support networks of other users
Could be open to exploitation through users adding in malicious code
May need to buy in external support
Proprietary Software
Proprietary Software
Proprietary source software refers to software that is owned by a particular company or individual and is licensed to users for a fee. Examples include; adobe photoshop, final cut pro x and Microsoft Office Suite.
Advantages of Open Source software:
Proprietary software will have official updates, support, upgrades and fixes released
Generally provide free customer support
Meet professional standards
Always someone to go back to if you have problems.
Disadvantages:
Cost may be significant
Reliant on one company - what if it goes into liquidation?
Limited to expansion by only what is available
May not fully meet the needs of the customer.
Impacts of digital technology on wider society including
Impacts of digital technology on wider society including
Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Production of technology has negative impacts on the environment.
Raw materials needed - have to be mined for (digging up earth, habitat destruction, pollution)
Energy needed to power production of technology - burning of fossil fuels
Often production of these devices take place in countries where labour laws aren’t so strict
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